Abstract

The demand for renewable energy has led to innovations in maximizing solar energy efficiency. A solar tracking system is an effective method to increase the energy output of photovoltaic panels by ensuring that they continuously face the sun throughout the day. This project presents the design and fabrication of a simple, cost-effective solar tracking system using a wooden frame, DC motor with a shaft connected to an iron rod for rotation, and LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensors to detect sunlight direction. The system automatically adjusts the orientation of the solar panel to capture the maximum possible sunlight.

The core of the system uses a microcontroller that receives input from LDR sensors placed strategically around the panel. These sensors detect differences in light intensity, and the microcontroller activates a DC motor to rotate the panel in the direction of stronger light. The motion is achieved using a shaft and iron rod mechanism, allowing smooth and controlled movement. Power generated from the solar panel is stored in a 12V DC battery, which is then connected to a DC-AC inverter to power an AC bulb, serving as a demonstration of the system’s functionality. This project demonstrates a practical application of automation in renewable energy systems. It emphasizes low-cost materials and components while achieving efficient solar tracking and energy conversion. The use of locally available resources like wood for the frame and simple electronics makes this system suitable for educational purposes and small-scale implementations. The outcome shows improved energy efficiency compared to a fixed solar panel, highlighting the importance of solar tracking in future green energy solutions