Abstract

This project presents the development of a compact and efficient hybrid system that combines solar water heating with AC power generation. The system is based on a 26 × 17 inch solar panel that provides a 12V, 40W DC supply. In addition to generating electricity, the solar panel also serves as a thermal collector. A series of 10 mm diameter copper tubes is mounted beneath the panel to absorb the residual heat generated during operation. These tubes serve as conduits for water circulation, converting solar thermal energy into usable hot water.

To enhance the thermal absorption efficiency, a closed box is installed beneath the solar panel. This box is internally lined with aluminum foil, which reflects and concentrates the excess heat from the panel toward the copper tubing. Water from an elevated tank flows through the tubes under gravity, and digital temperature sensors placed at the inlet and outlet measure the temperature gain. Ball valves are included to control the flow and isolate the water circuit when needed. This arrangement ensures efficient thermal transfer, making use of both direct solar radiation and waste heat from the panel.

The entire system is securely mounted on a steel frame, offering durability and ease of installation in domestic or remote environments. The electrical energy generated can be used directly or stored using batteries and converted to AC power using an inverter. Meanwhile, the thermal section provides a sustainable source of hot water. This integrated design offers a low-cost, eco-friendly solution for dual energy harvesting, ideal for residential, agricultural, or small-scale industrial applications.