Abstract

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have gained significant attention as an effective cooling solution for battery modules, offering high latent heat storage capacity with minimal energy input. Unlike conventional cooling systems that rely on active air or liquid circulation, PCM-based cooling operates passively or semi-passively, eliminating the need for complex and energy-intensive components like pumps and fans. This makes PCM cooling systems a sustainable, compact, and lightweight alternative for thermal management. However, a major limitation of PCMs is their low thermal conductivity, which can lead to localized overheating. To mitigate this issue, this study explores the integration of fin structures within the PCM, investigating various fin shapes—rectangular, trapezoidal, I-shape, and T-shape—as well as the impact of increased fin numbers to optimize heat dissipation and improve temperature regulation.The research evaluates the thermal performance of battery modules with and without PCM under different discharge rates (1C, 2C, and 3C), demonstrating the effectiveness of PCM cooling in maintaining stable operating temperatures. Additionally, the study examines the role of convective effects at the PCM module’s outer shell in further enhancing cooling efficiency.